ATG-Fresenius S + cyclosporine

ATG-Fresenius S + cyclosporine is a combination immunosuppressive therapy consisting of antithymocyte globulin (ATG-Fresenius S) and cyclosporine. ATG-Fresenius S is a concentrated anti-human T-lymphocyte immunoglobulin preparation derived from rabbits after immunization with a T-lymphoblast cell line, while cyclosporine is a calcineurin inhibitor. This combination works by suppressing T cell activation and proliferation through complementary mechanisms. ATG-Fresenius S selectively suppresses activated T cells, while cyclosporine inhibits calcineurin, preventing the activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT) and reducing production of inflammatory cytokines like IL-2. The combination is primarily used for treating severe aplastic anemia and preventing transplant rejection.