atpenin A5

Atpenin A5 is a potent and highly specific small molecule inhibitor of mitochondrial complex II (succinate dehydrogenase or succinate–ubiquinone oxidoreductase), acting at the ubiquinone-binding site. It was originally isolated from Penicillium sp. strain FO‑125 as an antifungal antibiotic and has demonstrated strong activity against filamentous fungi such as Trichophyton species. Atpenin A5 exhibits nanomolar inhibitory potency (IC50 values of 12 nM in nematode mitochondria and 3.7 nM in mammalian mitochondria) for complex II enzymes while showing minimal inhibition of complexes I and III[3][7][8]. In addition to its antifungal properties, Atpenin A5 is a mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mKATP) channel activator with cardioprotective effects—protecting cardiac tissue from ischemia-reperfusion injury by modulating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation[3][7]. It is used primarily as a research tool; it has not been approved for clinical use.

Other names

3-[(2S,4S,5R)-5,6-dichloro-2,4-dimethyl-1-oxohexyl]-4-hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-2(1H)-pyridinone3-[(2S,4S,5R)-5,6-dichloro-2,4-dimethylhexanoyl]-4-hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-1H-pyridin-2-one