ATV-NDV-bsHN-CD28

**ATV-NDV-bsHN-CD28** is an investigational, patient-specific autologous tumor-cell cancer vaccine evaluated in a phase I study in advanced metastatic colorectal carcinoma. It consists of irradiated autologous tumor cells infected ex vivo with Newcastle disease virus strain Ulster and decorated with the bispecific single-chain fusion protein bsHN-CD28. The anti-HN arm anchors the fusion protein to viral hemagglutinin-neuraminidase expressed on the modified tumor-cell surface, while the anti-CD28 arm provides localized CD28 costimulation to T cells encountering tumor-associated antigens. The program was developed through research at the German Cancer Research Center and Heidelberg University Hospital. In the reported 14-patient phase I study, five intradermal vaccinations were generally well tolerated, produced dose-associated tumor-reactive T-cell responses, and showed partial radiographic responses in four patients.