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autoclaved leishmania major
- Development stage
- Phase 3
- Lead developer
- Pasteur Institute of Iran
- Modality
- Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
- Administration
- Intradermal, Subcutaneous
01
Overview
Autoclaved *Leishmania major* (ALM) is a first-generation, whole-organism killed vaccine candidate developed for the prevention and treatment of various forms of leishmaniasis. It consists of *L. major* promastigotes that have been inactivated by autoclaving. To compensate for the low immunogenicity of killed parasites, ALM is frequently formulated with adjuvants such as aluminum hydroxide (Alum) or Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG). The vaccine works by exposing the host immune system to a broad range of leishmanial antigens, aiming to trigger a Th1-type cellular immune response characterized by the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-12. These cytokines activate macrophages to eradicate intracellular *Leishmania* parasites. ALM has been investigated in clinical and field trials for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), visceral leishmaniasis (VL), and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), as well as in veterinary medicine for canine visceral leishmaniasis.
- Other names
- killed Leishmania major promastigotesautoclaved Leishmania major vaccineALM vaccineAlum-ALM
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