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Autologous chondrocytes + bone marrow-derived stromal cells is an investigational autologous cell therapy combination being evaluated for the treatment of symptomatic cartilage defects and osteochondral lesions of the knee. Developed and studied primarily by the Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (RJAH) in the UK through the ASCOT (Autologous Stem cells, Chondrocytes Or the Two?) clinical trial, the therapy involves the isolation, culture-expansion, and subsequent co-implantation of a patient's own articular chondrocytes and bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs). The mechanism of action involves the synergistic interaction between the two cell types, where BMSCs may enhance the chondrogenic potential and extracellular matrix production of the chondrocytes, leading to the regeneration of hyaline-like cartilage within the joint defect. This approach aims to provide a more durable and functional repair compared to traditional microfracture or single-cell type autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI).
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