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This autologous ex vivo expanded gamma-delta (γδ) T cell therapy is a non-genetically modified adoptive cellular immunotherapy developed by Shanghai 10th People's Hospital for the treatment of advanced bladder cancer. The therapy involves isolating γδ T cells from a patient's peripheral blood and expanding them ex vivo using specific activators, such as zoledronate and cytokines, under GMP-compliant closed-system conditions. The mechanism of action relies on the inherent, MHC-unrestricted tumor recognition capabilities of γδ T cells, which activate both the NKG2D-NKG2DL axis and the BTN3A1-CD277 pathway to exert dual antitumor activity. This approach fundamentally differs from genetically modified αβ T cell-based therapies like CAR-T or TCR-T, as it utilizes the natural targeting mechanisms of γδ T cells to achieve tumor-bearing or tumor-free survival in patients who have failed prior therapies.
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