autologous M2 macrophages

Autologous M2 macrophages are a **cell therapy** consisting of macrophages derived from a patient's own monocytes, which are then polarized ex vivo to the M2 (alternatively activated, anti-inflammatory, pro-regenerative) phenotype and subsequently re-administered to the patient. **M2 macrophages** are characterized by their anti-inflammatory activity, secretion of cytokines such as IL-10 and IL-13, promotion of tissue repair, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and immunoregulation. Mechanistically, in contrast to M1 macrophages that drive inflammation, M2 macrophages resolve inflammation and orchestrate wound healing across various organs, including the CNS, liver, muscle, and kidneys. Autologous M2 macrophages have shown **promising results in clinical studies for indications such as cerebral palsy (CP)**[1][3], advanced liver disease (fibrosis, cirrhosis)[4], and potentially in other regenerative or inflammatory disorders. Administration is typically via intrathecal (intradural) or intravenous routes, depending on the indication. The therapy has shown sustained improvements in motor and cognitive function in children with severe CP and clinical proof-of-concept in liver fibrosis, with a favorable safety profile reported in available data[1][4]. Development of such therapies includes ex vivo differentiation and polarization of patient-derived monocytes using cytokines (e.g., IL-4 and IL-13) before reinfusion. No engineered or gene-modified versions are included under this canonical form (see comments if relevant).

Other names

autologous M2 macrophage therapyautologous M2-polarized macrophages