autologous mesenchymal stem cells

Autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells harvested from a patient's own tissues, such as bone marrow or adipose (fat) tissue, expanded *in vitro*, and re-administered to the same patient. These cells are characterized by their ability to differentiate into various mesodermal lineages (osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes) and their potent immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. Their therapeutic mechanism is primarily attributed to paracrine signaling, where they secrete a variety of cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular vesicles that promote tissue repair, suppress excessive inflammation, and modulate immune responses. Autologous MSCs are being investigated across a broad spectrum of indications, including neurodegenerative diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's disease, orthopedic conditions such as rotator cuff tears and cartilage defects, and inflammatory disorders like Crohn's disease-associated perianal fistulas and lupus nephritis.

Other names

autologous MSCshAMSCautologous mesenchymal multipotent stem cellshuman mesenchymal stem cells