Azadirachta indica leaf

Azadirachta indica leaf, commonly known as Neem, is a botanical extract derived from the leaves of the Neem tree. It contains a complex mixture of bioactive phytochemicals, including limonoids (such as nimbolide and azadirachtin), triterpenoids (nimbin), flavonoids, and alkaloids. The extract is widely studied for its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Mechanistically, Neem leaf preparations (NLP) have been shown to enhance the cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells and stimulate the release of interleukin-12 (IL-12) from macrophages. These effects are mediated through the activation of the p38 MAPK pathway and the upregulation of CD40 and CD40L. Additionally, the extract modulates several key signaling pathways involved in cell survival and inflammation, including NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, and IGF signaling. While not an approved pharmaceutical drug, it is a staple of traditional Ayurvedic and Unani medicine and is frequently used in over-the-counter products and dietary supplements.

Other names

Neem leafNeem leaf preparationAzadirachta indica leaf extract