Drug intelligence / Profile preview

azithromycin + hydroxychloroquine + sirolimus

Development stage
Preclinical
Lead developer
PLIVA
Modality
Small Molecules
Administration
Oral, Intravenous
01

Overview

This is a combination therapy consisting of three small molecule drugs: - **Azithromycin** is a macrolide antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit, used primarily for bacterial infections and sometimes in combination regimens for viral infections such as COVID-19. - **Hydroxychloroquine** is an antimalarial and immunomodulatory agent that interferes with lysosomal activity and autophagy, modulates immune activation, and has been repurposed for use in autoimmune diseases (like lupus) and investigated for viral infections including COVID-19. - **Sirolimus** (also known as rapamycin) is an mTOR inhibitor immunosuppressant that blocks T-cell activation/proliferation by inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. It is primarily used to prevent organ transplant rejection but has also been studied in other indications due to its effects on cell growth, proliferation, survival, mobility, angiogenesis, and autophagy. The rationale behind combining these agents—particularly in the context of COVID-19—relates to their complementary mechanisms targeting inflammation (hydroxychloroquine), potential antiviral/anti-inflammatory effects (azithromycin), and inhibition of cellular pathways involved in immune response modulation/autophagy (sirolimus). This specific triple-drug regimen has been explored experimentally but does not have established approval or widespread clinical use as a fixed combination[3][5][10].

02

Targets

V-ATPase (Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase)Bacterial 50S ribosomal subunitMechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1

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