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Drug intelligence / Profile preview
bacille calmette-guérin
- Development stage
- Approved
- Lead developer
- Merck
- Modality
- Synthetic Biology Platforms → Engineered Microbial Therapeutics → Microbiome Therapeutics, Fresh FMT → Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) → Microbiome Therapeutics, Yeast Strains → Single Strain Products → Live Biotherapeutic Products → Microbiome Therapeutics, Bacterial Strains → Single Strain Products → Live Biotherapeutic Products → Microbiome Therapeutics, Defined Consortia → Multi-strain Products → Live Biotherapeutic Products → Microbiome Therapeutics, Frozen FMT → Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) → Microbiome Therapeutics, Genetically Modified Bacteria → Engineered Microbial Therapeutics → Microbiome Therapeutics, Microbial Metabolites → Microbiome-Derived Products → Microbiome Therapeutics, Microbial Proteins → Microbiome-Derived Products → Microbiome Therapeutics, Complex Communities → Multi-strain Products → Live Biotherapeutic Products → Microbiome Therapeutics, Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
- Administration
- Intradermal, Intravesical
01
Overview
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live-attenuated strain of *Mycobacterium bovis* that serves as the primary vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) and a standard-of-care intravesical immunotherapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Originally developed at the Pasteur Institute, BCG acts as a potent biological response modifier. When administered intravesically for bladder cancer, it adheres to the urothelium and is internalized by both malignant and normal cells, triggering a robust local inflammatory response. This response involves the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF-alpha) and the recruitment of immune effector cells, including macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which collectively mediate the destruction of tumor cells. BCG is also being investigated in combination with checkpoint inhibitors like atezolizumab to enhance anti-tumor activity in high-risk NMIBC populations.
- Brand names
- TICE BCGOncoTICETheracysImmuCystPacis
- Other names
- BCG vaccineMycobacterium bovis BCGBacillus Calmette-Guérin
02
Targets
TLR2 (Toll-like Receptor 2)TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4)
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