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bacillus Calmette-Guerin
- Development stage
- Approved
- Lead developer
- Institut Pasteur
- Modality
- Synthetic Biology Platforms → Engineered Microbial Therapeutics → Microbiome Therapeutics, Fresh FMT → Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) → Microbiome Therapeutics, Yeast Strains → Single Strain Products → Live Biotherapeutic Products → Microbiome Therapeutics, Bacterial Strains → Single Strain Products → Live Biotherapeutic Products → Microbiome Therapeutics, Defined Consortia → Multi-strain Products → Live Biotherapeutic Products → Microbiome Therapeutics, Frozen FMT → Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) → Microbiome Therapeutics, Genetically Modified Bacteria → Engineered Microbial Therapeutics → Microbiome Therapeutics, Microbial Metabolites → Microbiome-Derived Products → Microbiome Therapeutics, Microbial Proteins → Microbiome-Derived Products → Microbiome Therapeutics, Complex Communities → Multi-strain Products → Live Biotherapeutic Products → Microbiome Therapeutics, Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
- Administration
- Intravesical, Intradermal, Percutaneous
01
Overview
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live-attenuated strain of *Mycobacterium bovis* that serves as the primary intravesical immunotherapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and as a vaccine against tuberculosis. In the context of oncology, BCG is instilled directly into the bladder, where it adheres to the urothelium through interactions between bacterial fibronectin-attachment proteins and host fibronectin. This adherence triggers a robust local inflammatory and cellular immune response, characterized by the recruitment of T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and macrophages, as well as the secretion of Th1-type cytokines such as interferon-gamma and interleukin-12. This immune activation leads to the targeted destruction of malignant urothelial cells. BCG is particularly effective in reducing recurrence and delaying progression in high-risk superficial bladder cancer, including carcinoma in situ (CIS).
- Brand names
- ImmuCystTICE BCGOncoTICEBCG-medacTheracysRIVMPacis
- Other names
- Bacillus Calmette-GuerinBCG vaccineMycobacterium bovis BCG
02
Targets
TLR2 (Toll-like Receptor 2)TLR9 (Toll-like receptor 9)TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4)
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