barbital

Barbital is a long-acting barbiturate and small molecule that acts as a central nervous system depressant. It was first synthesized in 1902 by Emil Fischer and Joseph von Mering and introduced as "Veronal" in 1903[8]. Barbital was widely used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid) from 1903 until the mid-1950s[8]. Its mechanism of action involves potentiation of the Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor, increasing chloride ion influx into neurons, which enhances inhibitory neurotransmission and produces sedative-hypnotic effects[1][5]. At higher doses, it can directly activate Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor. Barbital may also inhibit excitatory AMPA-type glutamate receptors. It is classified as a Schedule IV controlled substance due to its potential for dependence[1]. Today, its use is rare in humans but persists in some veterinary applications for CNS depression.

Brand names

Veronal

Other names

diethylbarbituric aciddiethylmalonyl ureabarbital