batzelladine O

Batzelladine O is a guanidine alkaloid natural product isolated from the deep-water marine sponge *Monanchora pulchra*. It exhibits cytotoxic activity against human prostate cancer cell lines, including docetaxel-resistant variants such as PC3-DR and 22Rv1, at low micromolar concentrations. The compound's mechanism of action involves the induction of apoptosis, characterized by caspase-3 and PARP cleavage, and the suppression of the mTOR signaling pathway. Additionally, batzelladine O induces pro-survival autophagy, evidenced by the upregulation of LC3B-II. Research indicates that it is equally active in both docetaxel-sensitive and docetaxel-resistant cells, making it a promising lead candidate for the treatment of taxane-resistant prostate cancer.