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BCG-derived outer membrane vesicles
- Development stage
- Preclinical
- Modality
- Synthetic Biology Platforms → Engineered Microbial Therapeutics → Microbiome Therapeutics, Fresh FMT → Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) → Microbiome Therapeutics, Yeast Strains → Single Strain Products → Live Biotherapeutic Products → Microbiome Therapeutics, Bacterial Strains → Single Strain Products → Live Biotherapeutic Products → Microbiome Therapeutics, Defined Consortia → Multi-strain Products → Live Biotherapeutic Products → Microbiome Therapeutics, Frozen FMT → Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) → Microbiome Therapeutics, Genetically Modified Bacteria → Engineered Microbial Therapeutics → Microbiome Therapeutics, Microbial Metabolites → Microbiome-Derived Products → Microbiome Therapeutics, Microbial Proteins → Microbiome-Derived Products → Microbiome Therapeutics, Complex Communities → Multi-strain Products → Live Biotherapeutic Products → Microbiome Therapeutics, Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
- Administration
- Subcutaneous, Intravenous, Intradermal
01
Overview
BCG-derived outer membrane vesicles (B-OMVs or BCG-MVs) are acellular, exosome-like nanoscale extracellular vesicles harvested from Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the vaccine strain of Mycobacterium bovis. These vesicles contain proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids from their parent bacterium, and act as potent immunostimulatory agents by inducing both adaptive and innate immune responses, including "trained immunity" — a type of innate immune memory. Mechanistically, B-OMVs can activate toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-dependent signaling, promoting hematopoietic stem cell expansion and myelopoiesis, enhancing aerobic glycolysis and epigenetic reprogramming in bone-marrow cells. Preclinical studies indicate that B-OMVs provide protection against experimental polymicrobial sepsis and reduce mycobacterial burden in animal models, positioning them as novel vaccine candidates or immunomodulators with improved safety profiles compared to live BCG[1][2][3][8]. Their development aims to address limitations of conventional BCG vaccination, such as adverse reactions and inconsistent immune memory[1][2][3]. Current status: preclinical research; not yet in human clinical trials.
- Other names
- B-OMVsBCG-OMVsBCG-MVsBCG membrane vesiclesBacillus Calmette-Guérin outer membrane vesiclesBCG acellular membrane vesicles
02
Targets
TLR2 (Toll-like Receptor 2)
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