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BCG-Russia-I is a specific substrain of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, which is a live, attenuated vaccine derived from *Mycobacterium bovis*. It is primarily used for the prevention of tuberculosis, particularly severe and disseminated forms such as tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis. This freeze-dried vaccine works by stimulating the immune system to develop protective immunity against *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*. The BCG-Russia-I substrain is characterized by a natural *recA* mutation, which leads to a frameshift and premature translational stop, contributing to its notable genomic stability. It is considered an "early strain" of BCG, closely related to the parental *M. bovis*, and was first distributed by Institut Pasteur in 1924.
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