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Bergamot extract is a natural, flavonoid-rich botanical extract derived from the juice and albedo of the bergamot orange (*Citrus bergamia* Risso), a citrus plant grown primarily in the Calabria region of Southern Italy. It is widely used as a dietary supplement and nutraceutical for the management of mild-to-moderate dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and metabolic syndrome. The extract contains a unique profile of bioactive polyphenolic flavonoids, including naringin, neoeriocitrin, neohesperidin, melitidin, and brutieridin. Bergamot extract exerts its lipid-lowering and metabolic effects through multiple mechanisms, primarily by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (similar to statins) and activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which downregulates cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis while improving glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity.
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