bevacizumab + triamcinolone acetonide + verteporfin

This is a triple combination therapy consisting of bevacizumab, triamcinolone acetonide, and verteporfin. It is primarily used in ophthalmology for the treatment of neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). \n- **Bevacizumab** is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), thereby blocking angiogenesis.\n- **Triamcinolone acetonide** is a synthetic corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic properties.\n- **Verteporfin** is a photosensitizer used in photodynamic therapy; upon activation by light, it generates reactive oxygen species that damage abnormal blood vessels. \nThe rationale for combining these agents lies in targeting multiple pathogenic pathways involved in CNV—angiogenesis, inflammation, and abnormal vessel proliferation. Clinical studies have shown that this triple therapy can improve or stabilize vision while reducing retreatment rates compared to monotherapy or dual therapies[1][7]. However, side effects such as increased intraocular pressure and cataract formation are associated with intravitreal corticosteroids[3][7].