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Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CCFM1269 is a specific probiotic bacterial strain isolated from human breast milk and classified as a member of the Bifidobacterium genus, which predominates in the gut microbiota of breastfed infants[8][2]. This strain has demonstrated several beneficial effects in preclinical studies, including modulation of gut microbiota composition, enhancement of intestinal barrier function, promotion of bone formation during growth via stimulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway through the GH/IGF-1 axis, and immunomodulatory actions such as increasing interferon-beta (IFN-β) secretion by activating TLR4-TRIF-dependent signaling pathways[6][8][2]. It also shows potential for alleviating rheumatoid arthritis symptoms by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-22, IL-23), modulating arthritis-specific antibodies and bone metabolism markers (osteoprotegerin and osteocalcin), and restoring Th1/Th2 balance[1][9]. The strain is considered safe for use in food products according to Chinese regulatory lists[3], with applications both as a dietary supplement for general health benefits and as an adjunctive therapy for specific conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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