bilobalide

**Bilobalide** is a natural sesquiterpene trilactone isolated from the leaves of *Ginkgo biloba*. It is a primary terpenoid component of Ginkgo extracts and possesses extensive pharmacological actions. Bilobalide exhibits **neuroprotective**, **antioxidant**, **anti-inflammatory**, **anti-ischemic**, and **cardiovascular protective** activities. Mechanistically, bilobalide acts as a **negative allosteric modulator of GABA-A and GABA-A-rho receptors**, potentially influencing cognitive and memory functions, with selectivity for certain receptor subunits. It also acts as a glycine receptor antagonist and an enzyme modulator (induces CYP3A1, CYP1A2, and activates constitutive androstane receptor). Additional mechanisms include inhibition of neuronal apoptosis, protection against hypoxia-induced cellular damage, upregulation of mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins, and promotion of amyloid-beta degrading enzymes in astrocytes. Bilobalide has demonstrated protection against neuronal injury in models of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia[1][3][4][5][7].

Other names

Bilobalide AGinkgolactone(-)-bilobalideVitexicarpim