bone marrow mononuclear cells

Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM MNCs or BMMNCs) are a heterogeneous population of single-nucleus cells isolated from human bone marrow. This population includes hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSC/HSPC), mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC), lymphocytes (T and B cells), monocytes, endothelial progenitor cells, and other immune cell types[1][2][5]. These multipotent and unipotent stem/progenitor cell populations play key roles in hematopoiesis (blood cell production), immune response regulation, tissue repair/regeneration, angiogenesis/neovascularization, immunomodulation, and neuroprotection[3][5][8]. BM MNCs are typically isolated by density gradient centrifugation from whole bone marrow aspirate. They have been widely used in research and clinical trials for regenerative medicine applications—including treatment of ischemic diseases such as acute myocardial infarction and stroke—as well as for immunological studies[3][7][9]. Their therapeutic mechanisms include direct differentiation into target tissues/cells; secretion of growth factors/cytokines; modulation of inflammation; promotion of angiogenesis via paracrine signaling or direct interaction with endothelial cells; energy transfer to injured tissues via gap junction-mediated glucose transfer; and support for endogenous repair processes[3][8][9].

Other names

human bone marrow mononuclear cellsBMMCBMNCs