botulinum toxin type A

**Botulinum toxin type A** is a serotype-specific bacterial neurotoxin produced by *Clostridium botulinum*. It is not a single interchangeable commercial drug product: several distinct pharmaceutical preparations of botulinum toxin type A are marketed under separate nonproprietary names and brands, with product-specific potency units, formulation characteristics, and approved indications. Following local injection, the toxin enters cholinergic nerve terminals and its zinc-dependent light-chain protease cleaves synaptosomal-associated protein 25, preventing synaptic-vesicle fusion and suppressing acetylcholine release. The resulting reversible chemodenervation reduces skeletal-muscle activity, autonomic cholinergic signaling, and glandular secretion. Clinical research and use span focal muscle hyperactivity disorders, spasticity, dystonias, migraine, hyperhidrosis, sialorrhea, bladder disorders, and investigational local gastrointestinal and ophthalmic applications.

Brand names

BotoxBotox CosmeticDysportXeominJeuveauAzzalureLetyboProsigneLantoxNeuronox

Other names

botulinum neurotoxin type ABoNT-ABTX-ABTABTXABTTAClostridium botulinum toxin type A