botulinum toxin type A (KC Pharmaceutical)

Refinex is a brand of botulinum toxin type A, a potent neurotoxic protein derived from the Hall strain of the bacterium *Clostridium botulinum*. It functions as a neuromuscular blocking agent by entering peripheral cholinergic nerve terminals and enzymatically cleaving SNAP-25, a protein essential for the docking and fusion of acetylcholine-containing vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. This action effectively inhibits the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, leading to temporary chemical denervation and localized muscle relaxation or paralysis. Refinex is utilized in both therapeutic and aesthetic medicine for indications such as the reduction of dynamic facial wrinkles (e.g., glabellar lines, crow's feet), the management of blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, cervical dystonia, and specialized procedures like the treatment of excessive gingival display (gummy smile).

Brand names

Refinex

Other names

BTX-ABotulinum Neurotoxin Type A