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Broccoli seed and sprout extract (BSSE), specifically the formulation Avmacol Extra Strength, is a dietary supplement being investigated by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) for its potential to enhance the detoxification of environmental carcinogens. The extract is rich in glucoraphanin, which is converted into the bioactive compound sulforaphane. Sulforaphane acts as a potent inducer of the NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) signaling pathway. Activation of NRF2 leads to the up-regulation of phase II detoxification enzymes, which facilitate the elimination of reactive toxins such as benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This intervention is currently being evaluated in a Phase II clinical trial involving firefighters to reduce their elevated risk of occupational malignant neoplasms.
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