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Brucea javanica oil emulsion injection is an antitumor drug extracted from the mature fruits of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Brucea javanica. Its main active components are quassinoids and fatty acids, particularly oleic acid and linoleic acid. The drug exerts anticancer effects through multiple mechanisms, including inhibition of cancer cell proliferation by blocking DNA synthesis and arresting the tumor cell cycle at various phases (G0, G1, S, G2, M), induction of apoptosis via regulation of apoptosis-related genes such as PPARG, interference with energy metabolism and cell cycle progression, enhancement of immune function and hematopoiesis, reversal of multidrug resistance to chemotherapeutics, and reduction in chemotherapy toxicity when used in combination therapy. It is widely used as an adjunctive treatment for various malignancies including gastric cancer, colorectal cancer (including advanced cases), pancreatic cancer, malignant pleural effusion associated with tumors (MPE), among others[1][2][3][4][6]. The product was officially launched in China after phase III clinical trials were completed in 1985[3].
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