Bryotoxin A

Bryotoxin A is a bufadienolide glycoside primarily isolated from plants of the *Bryophyllum* genus, such as *Bryophyllum tubiflorum*. It belongs to a class of compounds known as cardiac glycosides, which exert their biological effects by inhibiting the Na+/K+-ATPase pump. This inhibition leads to an increase in intracellular sodium and calcium levels, which can cause cardiotoxicity in livestock (a condition known as cotyledonosis). Beyond its toxicological profile, Bryotoxin A and related bufadienolides from *Bryophyllum pinnatum* have been investigated for potential therapeutic applications, including anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and anti-atherosclerotic activities. Recent in silico studies suggest that these compounds may target Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) to mitigate the inflammation and vascular thickening associated with atherosclerosis.