BVAC-C + topotecan

**BVAC-C + topotecan** is a combination therapy investigated for the treatment of recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer positive for human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 or 18 following failure of platinum-based chemotherapy. BVAC-C is an autologous, B cell- and monocyte-based therapeutic vaccine transfected with recombinant HPV E6/E7 genes and loaded with an invariant natural killer T (NKT) cell ligand (α-galactosyl ceramide), aiming to promote robust antitumor immune responses through activation of NKT, NK, and HPV-specific T cells. Topotecan is a small-molecule topoisomerase I inhibitor used as cytotoxic chemotherapy. The combination aims to enhance antitumor efficacy, leveraging immune stimulation by BVAC-C and the cytotoxic and immune-modulating effects of topotecan. Clinical studies suggest the combination is tolerable, induces immune responses, and shows some antitumor activity, although in this particular study the addition of topotecan did not increase response rates over BVAC-C alone[1][4].