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Drug intelligence / Profile preview
caffeine
- Development stage
- Approved
- Modality
- Small Molecules
- Administration
- Oral, Intravenous, Intramuscular, Rectal
01
Overview
Caffeine is a bitter-tasting white crystalline purine alkaloid and methylxanthine. Its chemical formula is C8H10N4O2. It acts as a central nervous system stimulant by antagonizing adenosine receptors in the brain and spinal cord. This action temporarily prevents or relieves drowsiness and restores alertness. Caffeine is found naturally in coffee beans, tea leaves, cocoa beans, kola nuts, guarana berries and other plants where it functions as a natural pesticide. In humans it is widely consumed for its stimulant effects in beverages such as coffee and tea or as an ingredient in energy drinks and soft drinks[2][4][5].
- Brand names
- CaffedrineDexitacNO-DozNorgesicDurvitan
- Other names
- 1,3,7-TrimethylxanthineGuaranineMateineTheineMethyltheobromine
02
Targets
ADORA1 (Adenosine receptor A1 subtype)ADORA2A (Adenosine A₂A Receptor)ADORA2B (Adenosine A2B receptor)ADORA3 (Adenosine A3 receptor)PDE (Phosphodiesterase family)ADOR (Adenosine receptors)
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