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CAL1 vaccinia virus is an investigational **oncolytic vaccinia virus therapy** developed by Calidi Biotherapeutics from the ACAM1000/ACAM2000 vaccinia strain, which was repurposed from a smallpox vaccine backbone and amplified in CV1 cells. Preclinical reports describe CAL1 as a tumor-selective vaccinia virus that preferentially infects, replicates in, and lyses cancer cells while also serving as a recombinant backbone for engineered derivative viruses. Its proposed mechanism is direct oncolysis of malignant cells together with induction of anti-tumor immune responses through tumor cell destruction and release of tumor antigens. CAL1 has been studied mainly in preclinical oncology models, including prostate cancer and other solid tumor settings, and has also been used as the viral payload in Calidi's stem cell-delivered SuperNova1 platform designed to shield the virus from complement and neutralizing antibodies.
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