calculus bovis

Calculus bovis, also known as bovine bezoar or ox gallstone, is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) derived from the gallstones of cattle (*Bos taurus domesticus*). Due to the rarity of natural bezoars, "Bovis cultured in vitro" (in vitro cultured bovine bezoar) is produced using biotechnological methods to ensure a consistent supply of active components, including bilirubin, cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and taurine. In the context of oncology, it is being investigated for its ability to mitigate post-embolization syndrome (PES) in patients undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Its therapeutic effects are attributed to anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties, which help reduce liver injury markers and systemic inflammation following TACE.

Other names

bovine bezoarox gallstoneNiu Huangin vitro cultured bovine bezoarBovis cultured in vitroCalculus Bovis Artifactus