camellia sinensis

Camellia sinensis is a species of evergreen shrub whose leaves and leaf buds are used to produce various types of teas including green, black, oolong, and white teas. The pharmacologically active compounds in Camellia sinensis include polyphenols (notably catechins such as epigallocatechin gallate/EGCG), xanthine alkaloids (caffeine), theobromine, theophylline, flavonoids and tannins. Its mechanism of action is primarily attributed to its antioxidant properties via scavenging free radicals and modulating oxidative stress pathways. It also exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators; immune-modulatory activity through stimulation of natural killer cell function; mild central nervous system stimulation due to caffeine content; diuretic effects; cardioprotective actions by reducing LDL cholesterol oxidation and improving endothelial function; metabolic effects including modest weight loss via increased energy expenditure; potential anticarcinogenic activity through inhibition of tumor growth pathways; antibacterial properties against certain pathogens; and possible antiviral activities. Camellia sinensis extracts are used in dietary supplements for cardiovascular health support (cholesterol reduction), weight management products, cognitive enhancement (alertness), cancer prevention research settings, topical treatments for genital warts (FDA-approved extract ointment), as well as traditional uses for digestive health and wound healing[1][3][5][6][7][8][10].

Other names

green teablack teaoolong teawhite teaChinese teaJapanese teaCamellia theiferaThea sinensis