capecitabine + camrelizumab + apatinib

The combination of capecitabine, camrelizumab, and apatinib is an investigational regimen evaluated for the treatment of advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC). Capecitabine is an oral prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and acts as a chemotherapy agent by inhibiting DNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cells. Camrelizumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the programmed cell death protein 1 receptor (PD-1) on T cells, functioning as an immune checkpoint inhibitor to enhance antitumor immune responses. Apatinib is a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that selectively inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), thereby blocking angiogenesis required for tumor growth and metastasis. This triple combination leverages cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and antiangiogenic therapy to improve outcomes in patients with advanced BTC who have limited treatment options[1][2][6].