CAR-X therapies

CAR-X therapies represent a broad platform of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered immune cell products, where 'X' denotes various effector cell types such as T cells (CAR-T), natural killer cells (CAR-NK), or macrophages (CAR-M). These therapies involve the genetic modification of immune cells to express synthetic receptors that recognize specific tumor-associated antigens, enabling targeted cytotoxicity independent of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction. While highly effective in treating certain malignancies, CAR-X therapies can induce significant immune-response-driven adverse events, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity, and inflammatory vascular or hepatic injuries. Research, such as that conducted by the Korea Institute of Toxicology, focuses on developing preclinical frameworks to quantify therapeutic windows and mitigate these risks by evaluating organ-relevant safety endpoints in human-relevant models.

Other names

CAR-based immune cell therapeuticsCAR-X