carbazochrome

Carbazochrome is a small molecule hemostatic agent used to promote clotting and prevent blood loss from open wounds. It is an oxidation product of adrenaline (epinephrine) and acts primarily by enhancing microcirculatory tone and promoting platelet aggregation and adhesion, leading to the formation of a platelet plug that ceases bleeding. Carbazochrome interacts with α-adrenoreceptors on the surface of platelets, activating Gq-coupled signaling pathways (PLC IP3/DAG), increasing intracellular calcium, which in turn activates myosin light-chain kinase via calmodulin. This process changes platelet shape and induces the release of factors such as serotonin, ADP, Von Willebrand factor, and platelet activating factor to further promote aggregation. It also inhibits vascular hyperpermeability by blocking agonist-induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis caused by vasoactive agents like tryptase, thrombin, and bradykinin. Carbazochrome is indicated for capillary or parenchymal hemorrhage (including trauma or surgery), intestinal bleeding, thrombocytopenic purpura, purpura due to microvascular fragility or resistance attenuation, mucosal bleeding (skin/membrane), fundal/renal/uterine bleeding as well as intraoperative or postoperative abnormal bleeding. While not FDA-approved in the United States, it is available in several countries for oral or injectable use[1][4][5][6].

Brand names

ToxivenolKerutin-CStadrenStyptochrome

Other names

carbazochrome sulfonic acid