carbenoxolone

Carbenoxolone is a synthetic derivative of glycyrrhetinic acid, a constituent of licorice root, with a steroid-like structure. It is primarily used for the treatment of peptic ulcers, esophageal and oral ulceration, and inflammation. Carbenoxolone acts by protecting the mucosal barrier from acid-pepsin attack and increasing mucosal mucin production. Its mechanism of action includes potent inhibition of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD), thereby controlling the reversible conversion between inactive cortisone and active cortisol as well as 11-dehydrocorticosterone to corticosterone. This influences endogenous glucocorticoid activity and participates in corticosteroid receptor-mediated anti-inflammatory responses. Additionally, carbenoxolone is recognized as a modestly potent blocker of gap junctions (connexins), which are important for intercellular communication in various tissues[1][5][6][8]. The drug has been used both orally (for gastrointestinal conditions) and topically (for mouth ulcers). Electrolyte imbalance—especially hypokalemia—is a notable side effect when used systemically[4][8].

Brand names

Carbosan

Other names

carbenoxolonaglycyrrhetinic acid derivative