carboxyatractyloside

Carboxyatractyloside is a highly toxic diterpene glycoside found in certain plants such as Xanthium species and Atractylis gummifera. It acts as a potent inhibitor of the mitochondrial ADP/ATP translocase (also known as the adenine nucleotide translocator), thereby blocking the exchange of ADP and ATP across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This inhibition disrupts oxidative phosphorylation and cellular energy metabolism. Carboxyatractyloside is about ten times more potent than its analog atractyloside and is not reversible by increasing concentrations of adenine nucleotides. Its toxicity has been implicated in both human and livestock poisonings[4][2][5]. The compound has no approved pharmaceutical use but is used experimentally to study mitochondrial function.

Other names

gummiferincarboxyatractyloside dipotassiumcarboxyatractyloside tripotassium