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CD133 CAR-T + PD-1s cells is a combination immunotherapy consisting of autologous T cells genetically engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting CD133 (a cancer stem cell marker highly expressed in various solid tumors), administered together with PD-1 pathway inhibitors (anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies). The mechanism of action involves: (1) CAR-T cells specifically recognizing and eliminating CD133+ cancer stem cells, and (2) PD-1 blockade enhancing T-cell persistence, expansion, and function by reversing T-cell exhaustion and relieving immune suppression within the tumor microenvironment. This combination aims to improve antitumor activity and overcome resistance in advanced, CD133-expressing solid tumors, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and brain metastases. The primary clinical development has been reported in China, with evidence from early-phase clinical trials demonstrating feasibility, manageable toxicity, partial responses, and stable disease in refractory/metastatic cancer; improved outcomes are particularly noted in patients receiving combined or sequential CAR-T and PD-1 inhibitor therapy[1][4][5].
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