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CD138-CAR-T cells are an investigational chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy designed to target CD138 (syndecan-1), a cell surface proteoglycan highly expressed on malignant plasma cells in multiple myeloma. Developed by various academic and clinical institutions, including He'nan Provincial People's Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, and Soochow University, these autologous or donor-derived T cells are genetically engineered to express a CAR construct containing an anti-CD138 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) coupled with costimulatory domains (such as 4-1BB/CD137 or CD28) and the CD3ζ signaling domain. Upon infusion, the CAR-T cells selectively bind to CD138-expressing myeloma cells, triggering T-cell activation, expansion, and targeted cytotoxicity. CD138-CAR-T cell therapy is primarily being evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, both as a monotherapy and in sequential or combination regimens with other CAR-T therapies (such as BCMA-targeted CAR-T cells).
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