CD19 CAR T

CD19 CAR T is a type of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy that targets CD19 antigen on B cells. This therapy involves genetically engineering a patient's own T cells to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that specifically recognizes the CD19 antigen present on B-cell malignancies. The CAR consists of an extracellular single-chain variable fragment (scFv) derived from an antibody that binds to CD19, linked to intracellular T-cell signaling domains. When these modified T cells are reinfused into the patient, they can recognize and kill CD19-positive cancer cells in an MHC-independent manner. The CAR structure typically includes the CD3ζ signaling domain (providing signal 1 for T cell activation) along with costimulatory domains such as CD28 or 4-1BB (providing signal 2). These costimulatory domains enhance T cell expansion, persistence, and anti-tumor efficacy. CD19 CAR T cells mediate their anti-tumor effects through multiple mechanisms including perforin and granzyme-mediated cytolysis, Fas-FasL interactions, and cytokine release.

Brand names

Kymriah

Other names

CD19-targeted CAR T cellsCD-19-targeted CAR T cellsCD 19-targeted CAR T cellsCD19-specific CAR T cellsCD-19-specific CAR T cellsCD 19-specific CAR T cells