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CD28 CAR T cells are an experimental chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy designed to target the CD28 costimulatory molecule, which is significantly upregulated on the surface of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells. Developed by researchers at the University Hospital, LMU Munich, these second-generation CAR-T cells utilize a CD28-specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv) for antigen recognition. A critical feature of this therapy is the use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knock out the endogenous CD28 gene in the primary T cells prior to CAR transduction. This modification is necessary to prevent fratricide (self-killing), as T cells naturally express CD28. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that CD28 CAR T cells exhibit potent cytotoxic activity against T-ALL cell lines in vitro and significantly prolong survival in NSG mouse models, showing efficacy comparable to CD7-targeted CAR-T therapies.
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