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The CD40L-CD28 costimulatory switch protein is a chimeric fusion protein developed by Medigene AG, through an exclusive license from Helmholtz Munich, to enhance the efficacy of T cell receptor-modified T (TCR-T) cell therapies against solid tumors. This biologic consists of the extracellular domain (ECD) of the CD40 ligand (CD40L) fused to the intracellular signaling domain (ICD) of the CD28 costimulatory molecule. When expressed on the surface of engineered T cells, the CD40L domain binds to CD40 expressed on tumor cells or other cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). This binding event serves a dual purpose: it activates the CD40 pathway on target cells to promote a pro-inflammatory environment and simultaneously delivers a potent CD28-mediated costimulatory signal ("Signal 2") to the T cell. This "switch" mechanism is designed to overcome the immunosuppressive TME, facilitating improved T cell proliferation, survival, infiltration, and tumor cell killing across various solid cancers, including melanoma, prostate, and lung cancers.
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