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CD70-specific CAR-T cells are genetically engineered T cells designed to recognize and eliminate cells expressing CD70, a type 2 transmembrane glycoprotein of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. The technology involves introducing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that target CD70 into patient T cells, enabling them to specifically seek out and destroy CD70-positive tumor cells. CD70 is highly expressed on the surface of various cancer cells, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts and leukemia stem/progenitor cells, while it is largely absent on normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), offering a therapeutic window with minimal damage to healthy tissue. Multiple CAR constructs have been developed, including those with single-chain variable fragments (scFv) derived from anti-CD70 antibodies and those using CD27 (the natural ligand of CD70) fused to intracellular signaling domains such as 4-1BB or CD3ζ. Preclinical and early clinical data show potent anti-tumor activity against CD70+ hematological malignancies and solid tumors but also highlight safety hazards such as possible T-cell exhaustion and antigen escape. Some constructs are being further engineered to enhance efficacy, such as by preventing CAR-T fratricide or enabling secretion of bispecific T-cell engaging antibodies. Primary indications include CD70-expressing cancers such as AML and certain lymphomas, with ongoing early-phase clinical trials[1][2][3][4][5][7][8][9][10].
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