chlorpropamide

Chlorpropamide is a second-generation sulfonylurea oral antihyperglycemic agent used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (non-insulin-dependent diabetes). It works by stimulating pancreatic β cells to release insulin, increasing both basal and meal-stimulated insulin secretion. Additionally, it enhances peripheral glucose utilization, decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis, and may increase the number and sensitivity of insulin receptors. Chlorpropamide lowers blood sugar levels by improving the body's ability to store sugar and use food for energy. It is taken with diet and exercise but is not effective in type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis. The drug has a long duration of action (effects lasting at least 24 hours) due to slower excretion. However, it carries risks such as hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), especially in elderly or malnourished patients, increased cardiovascular mortality risk compared to diet alone or insulin treatment, potential for increased blood pressure and retinopathy risk. It was developed as an oral treatment option for type 2 diabetes but is no longer marketed in the United States.

Brand names

Diabinese

Other names

chlorpropamide