ciclosporin

Ciclosporin is a calcineurin inhibitor immunosuppressant originally isolated from the fungus Tolypocladium inflatum. It acts by forming a complex with cyclophilin, which inhibits the phosphatase activity of calcineurin, leading to decreased production of inflammatory cytokines by T lymphocytes and suppression of immune responses. Ciclosporin is primarily used to prevent organ transplant rejection (kidney, liver, heart), and to treat autoimmune and inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Crohn’s disease, nephrotic syndrome, eczema, ulcerative colitis, atopic dermatitis and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye) in ophthalmic formulations. It was first approved in 1983 and is available as oral capsules/solutions or intravenous infusions for systemic use; topical ophthalmic preparations are also widely used[1][2][3][4][5].

Brand names

NeoralSandimmuneGengrafCequaIkervisRestasisVerkaziaVevyeCapimuneCapsorinDeximune

Other names

cyclosporinecyclosporinciclosporinaciclosporinum