cisplatin + cyclophosphamide + lomustine + vindesine

This is a combination chemotherapy regimen consisting of four cytotoxic agents—cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, lomustine, and vindesine. Each drug has a distinct mechanism of action targeting cancer cells: - Cisplatin is a platinum-based compound that forms DNA crosslinks, inhibiting DNA synthesis and function. - Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent that interferes with DNA replication by forming covalent bonds with DNA. - Lomustine (CCNU) is a nitrosourea alkylating agent that causes interstrand crosslinking of DNA and RNA. - Vindesine is a vinca alkaloid that inhibits microtubule assembly, disrupting mitosis. This combination has been studied primarily in the treatment of nonresectable non-small cell lung carcinoma (including squamous cell carcinoma and large-cell carcinoma), often in conjunction with radiotherapy. The regimen aims to maximize antitumor efficacy by combining drugs with different mechanisms to reduce the risk of resistance and improve outcomes[1][2][3].