cobra neurotoxin

Cobra neurotoxin refers to a class of potent peptide toxins found in the venom of various cobra species (notably Naja naja and Naja atra). The most studied forms are short-chain and long-chain alpha-neurotoxins—three-finger toxins (3FTx)—that bind with high affinity to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. This binding blocks synaptic transmission by preventing acetylcholine from activating its receptor, resulting in flaccid paralysis and potentially respiratory failure[1][3]. Some variants also modulate adenosine receptors in the central nervous system, producing both analgesic and hyperalgesic effects depending on dose[4]. Cobra neurotoxins have been investigated for their potential as painkillers and for treating conditions such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis[1][5][6]. They can be administered via injection or topical formulations. Their mechanism is distinct from beta-neurotoxins (which target voltage-gated sodium channels) but may overlap with other venom components like phospholipase A2.

Other names

alpha-cobrotoxinα-cobrotoxincobra short-chain neurotoxinNaja naja atra neurotoxinthree-finger toxin (3FTx) alpha-neurotoxin