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Compound 18l is a dual-acting small molecule developed as a protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor and a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) activator. Chemically classified as a benzylidene-2,4-thiazolidinedione derivative, it was designed to address metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. In preclinical studies, compound 18l demonstrated a low micromolar IC50 for PTP1B inhibition and transcriptional activation of PPAR-γ comparable to established thiazolidinedione drugs like rosiglitazone. In vivo evaluation in mouse models showed significant suppression of weight gain and improvement in lipid profiles, including reductions in triglycerides, total cholesterol, and non-esterified fatty acids, without overt toxic effects.
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