Compound 21

**Compound 21** is a synthetic phloroglucinol-derived small-molecule preclinical neuroinflammation candidate developed at the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College. It was identified through optimization of a phloroglucinol hit derived from *Lysidice rhodostegia* and showed blood-brain-barrier penetration and activity in MPTP, MPTP/probenecid, and alpha-synuclein transgenic mouse models of Parkinson's disease. Its reported pharmacology is pathway-level modulation of Src/PTEN/Akt signaling, with additional evidence for suppression of Kalirin-Rac1-NADPH oxidase signaling and consequent inflammatory cytokine production in microglia. In rodent multiple-sclerosis models, Compound 21 reduced inflammatory infiltration and demyelination, inhibited Th1/Th17-cell CNS infiltration, reduced glial activation, and promoted oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination. ([europepmc.org](https://europepmc.org/article/MED/27617803))

Other names

(S)-3-hydroxy-2-[(2,4,6-trimethoxybenzyl)amino]propanoic acid