Compound Phyllanthus urinaria L.

Compound Phyllanthus urinaria L. (CP) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula utilized clinically for the treatment of cancer, particularly hepatitis B-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-associated HCC). It demonstrates significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HBV-associated HCC cells. The formula's mechanism of action involves targeting Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. CP induces the autophagic degradation of Cav-1 and activates the Akt/GSK3β-mediated proteasome degradation of β-catenin via ubiquitination, thereby suppressing cancer metastasis and tumor growth.