CPX-351 (daunorubicin and cytarabine liposome) (Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc)

CPX-351 (Vyxeos) is a liposomal encapsulation of the antineoplastic agents daunorubicin and cytarabine in a fixed 1:5 molar ratio. This synergistic formulation is designed to maintain the optimal ratio of the two drugs in the plasma and preferentially accumulate in the bone marrow, where the liposomes are taken up by leukemic blasts. Daunorubicin is an anthracycline that acts by intercalating DNA and inhibiting topoisomerase II, while cytarabine is a pyrimidine analog that inhibits DNA polymerase, collectively leading to cell death. CPX-351 is FDA-approved for the treatment of adults and pediatric patients (1 year and older) with newly diagnosed therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) or AML with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC). It was originally developed by Celator Pharmaceuticals, which was later acquired by Jazz Pharmaceuticals.